I need to conduct market research on a business idea I have. I need to know information about businesses like mine, but also I need to know more about my customer’s business as well. Where is this information? What do they teach in a marketing program?

Advertising will help you a lot.

I am looking to start a new business but I am cautious and want to find if their is a market for the service that my company would be providing. Also I am looking for quantitative market research. Thanks in advance.

Specifically for start-ups, I would suggest Marketest. They specialize in providing quantitative market research for new business ideas. There are of course others too but its best to stick with companies who have expertise in a specific area.